Kukhona umbuzo ohlala ufika ngemva kwomunye.
Okokuqala uzibuza izinyanga ezingaki zokumboza okufanele uzigcine — ezintathu, eziyisithupha, leyo nombolo ekuvumela ulale ngokuthula uma imali engenayo ingase imiswe kusasa. Ngabhala ngalokho esihlokweni esizinikele kulokho, futhi lapho umbuzo wawuphela.
Kepha empilweni yangempela, ngokushesha nje lapho usunqume zingaki, kuvela enye ngokushesha: ngizozibeka kuphi?
Usunqume ukuthi udinga, ake sithi, ama-€10,000 njengesihlalo sokuzivikela. Kuhle. Ingabe zisala zingasetshenziswa ku-akhawunti evamile? Ziya ku-akhawunti yesheke? Ikhona yini into engcono, ngaphandle kokuyenza ibe yi-investment yangempela?
Ngumbuzo osebenzayo, ophansi, futhi ufanelwe impendulo esebenzayo.
Isandulela esiqotho, esisebenza kuso sonke isihloko: lokhu akulona iseluleko sezezimali. Angikutsheli ukuthi imuphi umkhiqizo okufanele uwuthenge, noma iliphi ibhange. Ngikunika umgomo wokucabanga ngakho, nezibonelo ezimbalwa ukukwenza kucace. Izinqumo zisala zizezakho.
Imali esheshayo ayisho ukuthi "ayinyakazi"
Ake siqale ngokungaqondi okulimazayo.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi "ukugcina imali esheshayo" kusho ukuyipaka nje futhi kuphela. I-akhawunti evamile, ibhalansi elingahambi, uhlobo lwesitolo esingahambi.
Futhi ngoba umqondo wemali engahambi uyacasula — ngokufanele — kwenzeka izinto ezimbili, zombili zingalungile.
Kukhona abagcina konke ukumboza kwabo ku-akhawunti evamile ngamaphesenti angu-zero, futhi minyaka yonke ukwenyuka kwentengo (inflation) kuyidla ngokuthula ingxenye yayo.
Futhi kukhona labo, ukuze bangayimoshi, bayifaka ku-investment abangeke basakwazi ukuphuma kuyo ngokushesha — futhi lapho kufika okungalindelekile, bathola ukuthi isihlalo sabo sokuzivikela sasithungwe sivaliwe.
Imali esheshayo ayisho ukuthi ayinyakazi. Isho ukutholakala.
Ake ngikukhumbuze incazelo, ngoba lapha yikho konke: imali esheshayo yimali ongayisebenzisa ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24 ngaphandle kokuthengisa okunye. Hhayi imali engakhiqizi lutho — imali esheshe ukusabela uma uyibiza.
Futhi indaba enhle ukuthi zikhona izindlela zokuyigcina itholakala futhi iyenze ikhiqize okuthile okuncane. Kancane kakhulu, kepha okuthile, ngaphandle kokukhaphela umsebenzi wayo. Kufanele nje ukhethe ithuluzi elifanele umsebenzi ofanele.
Umgomo ofika ngaphambi kwenzuzo
Uma kukhulunywa nge-investment, umbuzo wokuqala kubo bonke uthi: ikhiqiza malini?
Esihlalweni sokuzivikela, lowo mbuzo uya endaweni yesibili. Kwendawo yokuqala kungena omunye: ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuze ibuyele itholakale, futhi ngokuqiniseka okungakanani?
Ngikubiza ngokuthi ukutholakala (accessibility).
Engxenyeni yokumboza — futhi kuphela kuyo — ukutholakala kunqoba inzuzo. Njalo. Isizathu uzosiqonda kangcono ngesibonelo.
UMarco ugcina ama-€10,000 akhe okumboza kwisikhwama esikhiqiza u-4% ngonyaka, kepha ukuphuma kuso kudinga izinsuku eziyishumi futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, uphuma unenkokhelo elahlekile.
Iminyaka emibili ukhiqiza ama-€400 ngonyaka futhi uzizwa ehlakaniphile. Bese, ngoLwesibili oluthile, kufika okungalindelekile: udinga imali ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-48. Isikhwama sinosuku olubi, uphuma nge-€600 engaphansi kwenani lakhe izolo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kudingeka alinde.
Iminyaka emibili yenzuzo — ama-€800 — ishe ekuthengiseni okusheshiswayo, kwengeze nokucindezeleka kokulinda ngesikhathi okungalindelekile kucindezela.
Ukumboza akuyona indawo lapho unqophana khona ngenzuzo. Iyindawo lapho uthenga khona ukuqiniseka kokufinyelela. Inzuzo, lapho, iyibonasi encane oyithathayo uma ingakubizi ngokutholakala. Akulona ngokuphambene.
Kubambe njengekhampasi kukho konke okulandelayo: okokuqala ukuthi kutholakala kangakanani, bese kulandele ukuthi kukhiqiza malini.
Amadrowa amathathu, ngokwezinga lokutholakala
Esikhundleni sokucabanga ngemikhiqizo — eshintshashintshayo, enamagama ahlukene entengiso, futhi akusikho okwami ukukweluleka ngayo — masicabange nge-amadrowa. Amazinga amathathu okutholakala okwehlayo.
Umqondo ukuthi ungabeki konke ukumboza endaweni eyodwa, kepha ukusabalalisa kulawa mazinga kuya ngokuthi kungadingeka ngokushesha kangakanani.
Idrowa 1 — Lokho okudingayo ngokushesha
Idrowa lokuqala yi-akhawunti evamile yakho. Ukufinyelela ngokushesha, akukho kuxhaka, ukhokha ngqo kuyo.
Cishe njalo ayikhiqizi lutho. Futhi kuhle kanjalo, ngoba ayikho lapho ukuze ikhiqize: ikhona ukuze ibe sheshayo.
Yimalini okufanele uyigcine lapho? Ingxenye yokumboza okungadingeka ngempela noma nini. Inyanga eyodwa yezindleko eziqinile, mhlawumbe ezimbili. Hhayi ngaphezulu.
Konke okugcina ku-akhawunti ngaphezu kwalo mkhawulo akusebenzi, futhi akudingekile ukuthi kusebenze ukuze kube khona lapho. Yingxenye ongayidlulisela kwidrowa lesibili ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngisho ithoni yokuthula.
Idrowa 2 — Lokho okudingayo ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa
Idrowa lesibili yi-akhawunti yesheke elikhululekile: i-akhawunti ehlukene lapho upaka khona imali, uthole inzalo encane, futhi ukhiphe noma nini uma ufuna — ngaphandle kokukhiywa nangaphandle kwezinhlawulo.
Qaphela lelo gama, elikhululekile. Kukhona nama-akhawunti yesheke akhiyiwe: amazinga aphakeme kancane, kepha imali isala ikhiywe izinyanga eziyisithupha, ezingu-12, noma ngaphezulu. Ekumbozeni, i-akhawunti ekhiyiwe iyisinyathelo esiphakathi esiphuma ngale — ingena kakhudlwana kwidrowa lesithathu, futhi ngizobuyela kulokho maduze.
I-akhawunti yesheke elikhululekile yinhliziyo yesihlalo sokuzivikela. Lapha kufanele kube khona ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yokumboza kwakho: itholakala ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, ihlukene ne-akhawunti yokusebenza ukuze ingaxutshwa nemali yenyanga, futhi inenzuzo encane ekancane ehlehlisa ukwenyuka kwentengo.
Kukhona nenzuzo yengqondo, hhayi eyezimali kuphela. Ukugcina ukumboza ku-akhawunti ehlukile kunayo yansuku zonke kukwenza kube kuncane ukulingwa: awuboni ku-akhawuntini yakho yokusebenza yonke imihla, awuyisebenzisi "ngephutha". Ikhona, ithule futhi itholakala, kepha ingaphandle kokufinyelela kokuchitha ngokushesha.
Idrowa 3 — Lokho okungalinda ezinye izinsuku
Idrowa lesithathu likwengxenye "engaphandle" kakhulu yokumboza: leyo, ngokweqiniso, ongeke uyidinge emahoreni angu-48 okuqala okungalindelekile, kepha kamuva.
Lapha kungena amathuluzi esikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi aqaphelisisayo.
Ngicabanga ngamabhondi kahulumeni esikhathi esifushane — njengamabhondi kahulumeni asheshe ukuvuthwa, afika kuze kube izinyanga ezimbalwa. Noma izikhwama zemakethe yemali: imikhiqizo eqaphelisisayo kakhulu etshala kumaphepha esikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ongaphuma kuwo ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Zisasondele emqondweni wesheshayo — zibekelwa amanani nsuku zonke, zisheshe ukuguqulwa zibe imali — kepha kukhona isinyathelo esincane esengeziwe: izinsuku ezimbalwa zesikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi ukunyakaza okuncane kwenani, kwesinye isikhathi indleko yokungena noma yokuphuma.
Yingakho ngizigcina kwidrowa lesithathu, hhayi kwelesibili. Futhi yingakho, lapha, kubaluleke kabili isandulela: ukuqonda kahle ngaphambili izindleko, izikhathi nemibandela yakunye ngakunye. Akulona indawo yokwenza ngokungahleliwe.
Kanti i-akhawunti yesheke ekhiyiwe engangikhuluma ngayo? Ikhona, kule drowa, futhi ngesimo esisodwa kuphela: ukuthi wamukele ngokuqaphela ukukhiywa njengenani lenzuzo ephakeme kancane, wazi ukuthi leyo ngxenye ayisabeli "ngokushesha" uma ibizwa. Uma uyibeka lapha, beka lapho ingxenye yokumboza engalinda ngempela.
Kusatshalaliswa kanjani, ngokwenzeka
Ake sihlanganise amadrowa amathathu ngesibonelo.
UGiulia usebale ukumboza kwakhe: izinyanga eziyisithupha, ezilingana nama-€12,000 (izindleko eziqinile zingu-€2,000 ngenyanga).
Angakwazi ukusabalalisa kanje:
Ku-akhawunti evamile, cishe inyanga nengxenye — ake sithi ama-€3,000. Yisihlalo esishesha ukusiza, leso esimunca ushokwe emahoreni okuqala.
Ku-akhawunti yesheke elikhululekile, ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke — ama-€7,000. Itholakala ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, ihlukene, inenzuzo encane esebenza ngokuphambana nokwenyuka kwentengo.
Kwidrowa lesithathu, ama-€2,000 asele emathuluzini esikhathi esifushane kakhulu noma ekukhiweni okwamukelwe ngokuqaphela — ingxenye engeke, ngeqiniso, ayidinge ezinsukwini zokuqala.
Lezi zinombolo azilona ifomula. Ziyindlela eyodwa, ka-Giulia. Inhlanganisela yakho iya ngokuthi kuyenzeka kangakanani, empilweni yakho, into engalindelekile eshesha ukwenzeka uma kuqhathaniswa nento ekunika izinsuku ezimbalwa zesixwayiso: lowo onemali engenayo ezinzile angagcina okuncane ku-akhawunti evamile futhi okuningi kwesheke elikhululekile, lowo ophila ngemali engenayo engazinzile wenza kahle ngokukhulisa idrowa lokuqala.
Umthetho, owodwa kuphela, yilowo owedlule: imali "engaphandle" kakhulu iphinde ibe encane ukutholakala, akusoze kwaba ngokuphambene. Awupaki isihlalo sokuzivikela sesimo esiphuthumayo lapho kuthatha isikhathi eside ukusivula.
Ukumboza akuwona umthwalo onzima
Kukhona umcabango engifuna ukuwususa endleleni, ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi ungumsuka wengxenye yamaphutha mayelana nemali esheshayo.
Umqondo wokuthi ukumboza kungumthwalo onzima. Isisindo esifile. Imali "engenzi lutho" futhi, ekugcineni, kungaba ngcono ukuyisebenzisa kwenye indawo.
Akuwona umthwalo onzima. Kuyisikhathi esikusebenzelayo.
Lawo ma-€12,000 kaGiulia awahlali angenzi lutho. Enza into ebaluleke kakhulu kunazo zonke: amthengela isikhathi sokusabela okungalindelekile ngaphandle kokwenza izinqumo eziwubuwula. Ukungathengisi i-investment enhle ngesikhathi esibi kunazo zonke. Ukungamukeli umsebenzi wokuqala ofikayo ngoba nje uphelelwe uphethiloli. Ukubuka inkinga uphakeme kunokuba namanzi entanyeni.
Leyo "nzuzo" awuyiboni esitatimendeni sakho se-akhawunti. Uyayibona ekhwalithini yezinqumo ozenzayo lapho izinto ziba mbi. Futhi iyinzuzo ephakeme kakhulu — kuphela ilinganiswa ngokuthula, hhayi ngamaphesenti.
Kusho lokho, ngempela ngoba ukumboza kuligugu, akufanele kumoshwe ngokweqile. Ukugcina izinyanga eziyishumi nanhlanu zokumboza "ukuze kuphephe", zonke ku-akhawunti evamile, akusekho ukuqapha: yingxenye yengcebo ebingakwazi ukwakha i-Asset+ yakho, eyekwe idliwe.
Ukumboza okufanele, okugcinwe ezindaweni ezifanele, akukona okuningi ngokweqile noma okungahambi. Kuyisikhathi ngempela osidingayo, sipakiwe lapho sisabela khona uma usibiza.
Ikuphathelene nani i-Cashfulness
Iphuzu mayelana nendlela konke lokhu kuxhumana ne-app, ngoba kufanele sicace.
I-Cashfulness ikutshela zingaki izinyanga zokumboza onazo: iyibala ngokwayo phakathi kwendawo eqondile yomkhumbi, ihlukanisa imali yakho esheshayo ngezindleko zakho eziqinile zanyanga zonke. Yesinye sezilinganiso ezine zempilo yakho yezezimali.
Futhi iyakwazi lokho okuyi-liquid ngaphandle kokuthi ukutshele: ama-akhawunti asheshayo yilawo asendaweni "Asset+ esheshayo" ne-"Asset− esheshayo", izigaba ezimbili zesistimu ezihlala zikhona njalo. Akulona uphawu olubeka ngesandla — kuwukwakheka kohlu lwama-akhawunti uqobo okutshela i-app ukuthi yimali kuphi esabela ngokushesha uma ibizwa, futhi kulapho ikhiqiza khona izinyanga zokumboza.
Lokho okufundile lapha — ukuthi yimaphi amadrowa okusabalalisa kuwo lezo zinyanga — kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo: isinqumo osenzayo wena, ngaphandle kwe-app, nebhange lakho namathuluzi akho. I-Cashfulness ayithengisi imikhiqizo yezezimali, ayikuqondisi kwi-akhawunti yesheke noma kwisikhwama, ayinasithakazelo esifihlekile mayelana nokuthi upaka kuphi imali yakho esheshayo. Ikunika inombolo yendawo, isinyathelo ngesakho.
Uma ubhalisa izinyakazo phakathi kwe-akhawunti eyodwa nenye — udlulisela, ake sithi, ama-€7,000 kusuka kwevamile kuya kweyesheke — indawo eqondile yomkhumbi ayishintshi ngisho nge-euro eyodwa.
Yi-double-entry bookkeeping eyiqinisekisayo lokho: yonke inyakazo ibhalwa kabili, ohlangothini lwezimbili ezilinganayo, ngakho lutho olushiywayo futhi ingcebo yakho isala iqinisile njalo. Ukudlulisela imali phakathi kwezikhwama zakho uqobo akukwenzi ucebe noma umpofu, futhi i-app ikubonisa kanjalo ngqo.
Okuyithi, uma ucabanga ngakho, ubufakazi bezokubalwa kwezimali komqondo wesihloko sonke: ukudlulisela ukumboza kwidrowa elifanele akushintshi ukuthi ubali malini. Kushintsha kuphela ukuthi imali leyo ilungele kangakanani ukukuvikela.
Ngomugqa owodwa
Nquma zingaki izinyanga ozogcina — leso yisilinganiso.
Bese uzisabalalisa ngokwezinga lokutholakala: okuncane kakhulu okudingekayo ku-akhawunti evamile, okukhulu kwesheke elikhululekile, umsila ongaphandle kakhulu emathuluzini esikhathi esifushane kakhulu owaqonda ngempela.
Futhi khumbula ukuthi awenzi lutho lube manqindanqindwane.
Upaka isikhathi. Endaweni esabela ngokushesha kakhulu, ngosuku olubiza khona.
— Vittorio